Introduction: Intravesical botulinum toxin is a safe and effective treatment for refractory overactive or neurogenic bladder. The objectives of this study were to conduct a survey of intravesical botulinum toxin administration practices in Canada, to compare practices based on level of training, and to identify barriers to delivery.

Methods: A voluntary online survey was sent to all Canadian urologists. Respondents who provide intravesical botulinum toxin were questioned on training, surgical volume, workup, technique, and followup practices. Those with formal training in functional/reconstructive urology were compared to those without. Potential barriers to treatment delivery were identified.

Results: The overall response rate was 26% (148/570). Most providers (59%) perform 1–10 treatments/month. Preoperatively, 51% perform cystoscopy and 43% perform urodynamics. A majority (66%) give routine antimicrobial prophylaxis; however, regimen and duration varied. Most (79%) perform some treatments under local anesthetic and 52% instill lidocaine solution for analgesia. There was a wide variation in technique with regards to the number of injections administered (range <10 to >20), volume administered per injection (range 0.5 mL to 2 mL), location of injections (bladder body vs. trigone vs. both), and depth of injection. Postoperative followup ranged from three days to three months. Respondents with fellowship training in functional/reconstructive urology performed more treatments per month and administered fewer injections per treatment. Common barriers to delivery included lack of experience/training among non-providers (45%), lack of resources (34%), and lack of medication funding (32%).

Conclusions: Despite intravesical botulinum toxin being a widely accepted treatment, significant variability in practices and several barriers to delivery exist in Canada. Further study is required to optimize treatment access and quality.