Urinary tract reconstruction with enterocystoplasty after radiation for pelvic cancer
Sender Herschorn1, Jennifer A. Locke1.
1Surgery/Urology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
University of Toronto Research Program in Functional Urology.
Introduction: As an alternative to cystectomy after radiation (RT), enterocystoplasty (EC) ± ureteral reimplantation or continent catheterizable channel (CC) brings the potential benefit of preserving the lower urinary tract (LUT). We report outcomes in all patients who underwent EC after RT.
Methods: This is a retrospective series of all post-RT patients who underwent EC for reconstruction from 1994–2021. Complications and functional results were recorded.
Results: Thirty-six patients (18 women,18 men) were identified. Ten patients, post-chemo-RT for colorectal cancer, underwent EC after partial cystectomy ± ureterectomy (group 1). Twenty-six after RT for prostate (n=7), gynecologic (n=13), colorectal (n=5), and liposarcoma (n=1) had surgery due to RT complications (group 2). The mean age was 58 years (median 58.5, range 33–76). All patients had EC and 24 (67%) had simultaneous ureteral reimplants into an intestinal limb (n=17) or into the bladder (n=7), with 16 having bilateral reimplants. Reimplants were done for post-tumor obstruction (group 1) or post-RT (group 2). Eight in group 2 had simultaneous CCC. The median length of stay (LOS) was nine days (4–25) and was shorter in group 2 vs. group 1; 8 (interquartile range [IQR] 6–10) vs. 13 (IQR 10–14) (p=0.0039). No <30 days surgical reintervention was prompted by the reconstruction. After a median of 38.5 months (range 2–195), nine patients (29%) required interventions, including four operations (one parastomal hernia, one vesicovaginal, two vesico-cutaneous fistulae), two ureteral anastomotic stricture dilations, and three cystolapaxies. Reintervention rate was similar in the groups. Twenty-three of 28 non-stoma patients void spontaneously, three perform intermittent catheterization, and two have catheters. Seven of 8 CCC patients do intermittent catheterization and one is awaiting vesicocutaneous fistula repair with a catheter. Thirty-two of 36 patients considered their management to be successful.
Conclusions: Prior pelvic RT is not a contraindication to EC with or without ureteral reimplantation and/or CCC. Acceptable functional outcomes and morbidity can be achieved.